This chapter purposely describes how the negotiation process changes when there are more than two parties. First of all, the nature of multiparty negotiation differs from two-party deliberations in several ways which make more complex, challenging, and difficult to manage such as number of parties, informational and computational complexity, social complexity, procedural complexity, and strategic complexity. Understanding the attributes of an effective group will help to understand the multiparty negotiation means. Effective groups and their members do the following things:
1.Test assumptions and inferences
2.Share all relevant information
3.Focus on interests, not positions
4.Be specific – use examples
5.Agree on what important works mean
6.Explain the reasons behind one’s statements, questions, and answers
7.Disagree openly with any member of the group
8.Make statements, then invite questions and comments
9.Jointly design ways to test disagreements and solutions
10.Discuss undiscussable issues
11.Keep the discussion focused
12.Do not take cheap shots or otherwise distract the group
13.Expect to have all members participate in all phases of the process
14.Exchange relevant information with nongroup members.
15.Make decisions by consensus
16.Conduct a self-critique
There are three key stages that characterize multiparty negotiation: prenegotiation, actual negotiation, and managing the agreement. The prenegotiation stage is characterized by lots of informal contact among the parties so we should work on who the participants are, what coalitions are, defining group member roles, understanding the costs and consequences of no agreement, and learning the issues and constructing an agenda. In term of formal negotiation stage, the negotiation process and outcome should be managed by appointing an appropriate chair, using and restructuring the agenda, ensuring a diversity of information and perspectives, ensuring consideration of all the available information, managing conflict effectively, reviewing and managing the decision rules, striving for a first agreement, and managing problem team members. Last stage is the agreement phase, there are four key problem-solving steps need to occur during this phase: select the best solution, develop an action plan, implement the action plan, and evaluate the just-completed process.
1.Test assumptions and inferences
2.Share all relevant information
3.Focus on interests, not positions
4.Be specific – use examples
5.Agree on what important works mean
6.Explain the reasons behind one’s statements, questions, and answers
7.Disagree openly with any member of the group
8.Make statements, then invite questions and comments
9.Jointly design ways to test disagreements and solutions
10.Discuss undiscussable issues
11.Keep the discussion focused
12.Do not take cheap shots or otherwise distract the group
13.Expect to have all members participate in all phases of the process
14.Exchange relevant information with nongroup members.
15.Make decisions by consensus
16.Conduct a self-critique
There are three key stages that characterize multiparty negotiation: prenegotiation, actual negotiation, and managing the agreement. The prenegotiation stage is characterized by lots of informal contact among the parties so we should work on who the participants are, what coalitions are, defining group member roles, understanding the costs and consequences of no agreement, and learning the issues and constructing an agenda. In term of formal negotiation stage, the negotiation process and outcome should be managed by appointing an appropriate chair, using and restructuring the agenda, ensuring a diversity of information and perspectives, ensuring consideration of all the available information, managing conflict effectively, reviewing and managing the decision rules, striving for a first agreement, and managing problem team members. Last stage is the agreement phase, there are four key problem-solving steps need to occur during this phase: select the best solution, develop an action plan, implement the action plan, and evaluate the just-completed process.
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